Miles says the loss of standing sections, where most of the atmosphere was created, has also had a negative effect. He says designated singing areas - which can be a euphemism for the toleration of standing - have helped the atmosphere in stadiums, such as Manchester City's and Sunderland's. They can spark a reaction from home fans, while a lot of clubs have moved them up into the corner out of the way. When it comes to atmosphere, Winter believes clubs could learn a lot from Germany's Bundesliga, where standing sections exist and tickets can cost a fraction of their English equivalents.
Borussia Dortmund fans are known for their coordinated displays of murals at matches and many were impressed by the show they put on ahead of Tuesday's Champions League quarter-final against Malaga.
Winter and Miles say the atmosphere at Galatasaray's derby matches in Istanbul takes some beating. The passion of the supporters is a major factor, according to Winter. Architecturally the Stade Velodrome shouldn't work, but it doesn't matter," he says.
Architects admit they can only provide part of the jigsaw puzzle that makes up atmosphere. And we spent a long time with the club trying to change and expand it until finally, and slightly sadly, realized that we would have to leave Highbury to design what is now the Emirates. But really what we developed was the idea of trying to distil an air of permanence and longevity. It was all about creating with materials that would last as long as Highbury and get better over time.
We invested a lot of time and a lot of money in creating a building which was going to be there for the next hundred years. Fans really latched onto the idea: it wasn't going to be this thin building metal that would age and look crap in twenty years. It will just look better. When you go there now, and you see the wear and hand marks in materials like the brass in some of the Club levels and the director's boxes, you get that idea of permanence and longevity coming through.
That's what the club wanted, that was at their roots. National stadiums can be difficult. In England, especially, where there is little sense of national identity, and where national team games are seen as just fodder for day-trippers. The mythologising around this new Wembley has often felt artificial, with lots of marketing spiel, but very little tradition to experience. The weight of history should be evident even as its glass and steel glints in your eye, promising you the future… And, not for nothing, for one of the most famous stadiums in the whole world, visiting Wembley has always felt like a real chore.
It's smack bang in the middle of Cardiff, opposite the train station and on match day the whole city is bouncing. The roads are shut, and everything is geared towards the game, you just can't miss it, it owns the city. And once inside, the tight site means that the seating is steep and the fans are right on top of the action.
Most clubs have some form of digital and social media department, allowing interaction between players, management, local community and fans to happen at all levels. Ancillary development opportunities including hotels, arenas, retail and residential, health clubs and pools The big success factor can often be found in the integration of surrounding development, or in the case of Arsenal, a combination of redevelopment of the old Highbury stadium, together with residential and commercial development to the south and east of the stadium.
The combination of hotels, offices, indoor arena and leisure is slowly dealing with the perennial challenge of activating the areas around a large stadium during non-event days.
Even more acutely, the completion of a similar story for Olympique Lyonnais is approaching: In the case of OL Park, located well outside the city centre, it is vital that a new community hub is established around the stadium, in order to create the destination effect which will encourage fans and general public to use the facilities on non-match days. Here, the mix of a regional retail centre, club store, hall of fame, hotels, indoor arena, health and leisure, and outdoor concourse events will activate the whole area, in conjunction with the OL Training Center right next door, where community programmes including training and jogging are available.
Training facilities like the OL Training Center are ideally placed in the same location as the stadium, not simply for ease of management, but also for the halo effect that the proximity of the stadium can give to young aspiring players.
Conclusion One thing that I have learnt through 40 years of experience in sports architecture is never to be complacent. The lessons are still there to be learnt. Every day requirements change, and every day, technology and knowledge rise to the challenges. Where do we go to look for this knowledge? Although every stadium and case are different and should be approached in this way as well, the main challenges of today are global and common.
First of all, expanding the stay of fans inside the stadium is a key challenge. Not only from a commercial point of view having people longer inside the stadium will make them spend more , but also to decrease the waiting lines at entry points and concession stands. And of course, stadium design plays a major role in this. We see that when stadiums offer a convenient space with entertainment, people come earlier.
In the old White Hart Lane, Tottenham Hotspur FC had the worst score in terms of fan arrivals, in the new stadium they are topping the list. Secondly, the importance of experiences cannot be underestimated.
Giving people a qualitative offer, both towards hospitality guests and general public. Apart from the quality, the range of offers seems to increase as well. An interesting evolution is that the price range is expanding as well, as the cheapest ticket options became cheaper and the premium products became even more expensive. This all helps to provide a more segmented and personalised offer. Lastly, with the terror threat, the priority of safety and security is understandable.
Definitely if we take a look at research on people who never attended stadium events before. Their primary reason not to attend is the fear of violence and risks.
It is our mission to seduce these people by organising safety and security below the surface and provide them with a fantastic guest experience. Overall, technology will be a major component to deal with these challenges. When designing a new venue, it is difficult to predict which technology will be available and used, so it comes down to provide sufficient flexibility and adapt as latest as possible in the project.
In our experience, these factors all have to be taken into account when answering the question what makes a stadium successful. What makes a stadium successful? A basketball court is a basketball court. A football field is going to be yards long no matter where you place it. Simply the way a park is oriented, such as TD Ameritrade in Omaha, can turn a park into a home run haven or death valley for fly balls. A fan in a prime seat at a football game looks at the field.
If they happen to look up from the field in front of them, they see a wall of fans on the other side of the stadium sitting in very similar seats.
But sit anywhere behind home plate at a baseball game and the skyline beyond the outfield is as much a part of the stadium experience as home plate, concession stands and quirky outfield walls.
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