In the end, the court sided with the district and noted that the Confederate flag carried symbolism significant enough to disrupt normal school activities. If the Confederate flag is synonymous with slavery, is there any place for its display in modern society? Those who fight for their right to display the flag say such a display should be covered by the First Amendment: the right to free speech.
But others say the flag is equivalent to hate speech, which is not covered by the First Amendment. Do you think that displaying the Confederate flag should considered free speech or hate speech?
Stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people. Prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings, while discrimination refers to actions. Racism refers to the belief that one race is inherently superior or inferior to other races. How far should First Amendment rights extend? Learn more about institutional racism at www. Bouie, Jamelle. August 19, Herring, C. Keith, and H. Hudson, David L. Klonoff, E. Explaining the Skin Color-Hypertension Relationship.
Landor, Antoinette M. Simons, Gene H. Brody, Chalandra M. Bryant, Frederick X. Gibbons, Ellen M. Granberg, and Janet N. Lowery, Wesley and Darryl Fears. August 31, The Washington Post. Retrieved October 9 , McIntosh, Peggy. Nobles, Frances, and Julie Bosman. August 17, Skip to main content.
Race and Ethnicity. Search for:. These beliefs persist despite a number of high profile examples to the contrary. Sadly, such beliefs often influence how these athletes are treated by others and how they view themselves and their own capabilities.
Stereotypes are universal. Whether or not you agree with a stereotype the content of stereotypes is generally well-known within in a given culture Devine, Prejudice is common against people who are members of an unfamiliar cultural group. An example of prejudice is having a negative attitude toward people who are not born in the United States. Although people holding this prejudiced attitude do not know all people who were not born in the United States, they dislike them due to their status as foreigners.
Explicit prejudice, negative feelings about an out-group that are openly admitted, is very difficult to measure because this is generally not socially acceptable. This means that tests and instruments measuring prejudice may be susceptible to socially desirable responding Chapter 2. To address this research bias, psychologists have developed several ways to measure implicit prejudice, which is the relatively automatic and unconscious in-group preference.
Those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons.
RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right conservatives. Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this personality scale i. Extreme scores on RWA predict biases against outgroups while demanding in-group loyalty and conformity Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions Altemeyer, Fortunately, old-fashioned biases have diminished over the 20th century and into the 21st century.
These subtle biases are unexamined and sometimes unconscious but real in their consequences. They are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased, unfair, and disrespectful to the belief in equality. Most people like themselves well enough, and most people identify themselves as members of certain groups but not others. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we therefore like the groups we associate with more, whether those groups are our hometown, school, religion, gender, or ethnicity.
Liking yourself and your groups is human nature. The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. Essentially, the IAT is done on the computer and measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. See Table 2 for a summary of this section and the next two sections on subtle biases.
For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. However, to justify this preferential treatment, people will often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and the outgroup. In turn, people see the outgroup as more similar in personality than they are.
Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. The difference is that we people inhabit categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out Turner, Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion.
And this life-changing decision stems from the simple, natural human tendency to be more comfortable with people like yourself. As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid the situation altogether and prevent any awkwardness that could have come from it.
However, such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and hard to interpret.
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