How many frequency

Frequency rates are what coordinate all the process in a circuit to occur at the specific rate and interval for optimal performance. In our next video, we will be discussing the deviations of frequencies in Quartz Clocks, also known as Frequency Stability and Tolerance.

Watch the above video to learn What is Frequency then click on the button below to start searching for the exact part you need! Please contact us if you need additional information or have a specific requirement in your application.

ECS, Inc. Tel: Toll Free: Fax: Founded in , ECS Inc. International has grown to become one of the most recognized and experienced manufacturers of frequency control management products in the world. The ITU based in Geneva, Switzerland is a member of UN development group, coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards.

A radio frequency band is a small contiguous section of the radio spectrum frequencies, in which channels are usually used or set aside for use. For example, broadcasting, mobile radio, or navigation devices, will be allocated in non-overlapping ranges of frequencies. For each of these bands the ITU has a band plan which dictates how it is to be used and shared, to avoid interference and to set protocol for the compatibility of transmitters and receivers.

Each of these bands has a traditional name. FM, television broadcasts, line-of-sight ground-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communications, land mobile and maritime mobile communications, amateur radio, weather radio.

Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur radio, directed-energy weapon, millimeter wave scanner, wireless LAN US Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE has been quite productive and made a very salient contribution by introducing further classification of microwave range.

Thanks to IEEE the frequency bands in the microwave range are designated by letters. This classification has also become widely used standard for radar bands. This convention began around World War 2 with military designations for frequencies used in radar, which was the first application of microwaves. It happened so there are several incompatible naming systems for microwave bands, and even within a given system the exact frequency range designated by a letter may vary somewhat between different application areas.

When designing an enclosure, you need to ensure that the enclosure itself does not have a natural resonant frequency in the same range as the expected audio output or the speaker itself will have both a non-linear output and unwanted harmonics.

At the same time, controlling the resonance of a box, or widening the resonance range, is sometimes sought after, depending on the application. The design of speakers and microphones is an interesting balance of parts that need to remain still, need to flex, and need to remain rigid while moving. For speakers in particular, the cone, or diaphragm, needs to be as light as possible to respond quickly but also needs to be as rigid as possible so it can move without deformation.

They are both extremely light and stiff, but mylar, being a type of plastic, is also resistant to moisture and humidity. There is also the rubber that connects the diaphragm to the frame. This should be strong to withstand extreme movement without breaking, while also being as pliable as possible to not interfere with the movement of the cone.

This trade-off in sensitivity, frequency range, robustness, and SPL range is also true with microphone materials. Microphones can be simple electret or MEMS microphones with sufficient yet limited frequency and sensitivity but with durability, small size, and low power requirements.

On the opposite end of the spectrum, ribbon microphones that use a thin metallic ribbon as a diaphragm are renowned for their sensitivity and frequency range. As a trade-off, they are so fragile that they cannot be used for many percussive instruments nor should they be carried without a cover on them, lest the diaphragm tears. The trade-offs required for these, in addition to the cost of different materials, varies for different audio ranges. Lower range speakers do not need to worry about the cone weight as much but will need suspensions that are capable of larger amounts of movement.

The type of material used for an enclosure will also affect the resonance and sound absorption. When designing an enclosure, whose primary role is to dampen the out-of-phase rearward generated sound, an engineer will want a material that effectively absorbs the sounds. This is more important with lower frequency sound that is harder to dampen. It is important to note that very few systems and no individual speaker and enclosure will offer the full range of audio with any level of fidelity.

In particular, the extreme frequencies require special speakers and enclosures, but for truly accurate reproductions, there needs to be a balance of speakers at every range that is tuned to create the most linear output.

Second, the majority of applications do not require this level of fidelity and a linear output may not be the desired result. For example, a phone only needs to cover the basic human vocal range and even when doubling or tripling the frequency range to accommodate harmonics, it still falls well short of the 20 Hz to 20 kHz range.

Another example would be notification or security applications, which need only a buzz, warble, or screech in a very small frequency range but at various SPLs. For these designs, buzzers or sirens that shift the trade-offs away from frequency range and more toward cost, size, power, and loudness are a good option.

Ultimately, only an individual can be aware of the full constraints of their project and making decisions on trade-offs are an essential part of being an engineer and designer.

The audio frequency range is a large, though not the only, portion of design and component selection with speakers, buzzers, enclosures, and microphones. A fundamental understanding of this range, what it implies in recording or reproduction applications, and how they are related to the physical limitations and constraints of all audio related equipment will inform the design process. The wide variety of audio components from CUI Devices will provide solutions for many different applications with different frequency ranges.

Have comments regarding this post or topics that you would like to see us cover in the future? Send us an email at cuiinsights cuidevices. Since joining CUI Devices in , Jeff Smoot has revitalized the company's Quality and Engineering departments with an emphasis on developing, supporting, and bringing products to market.

Outside of the office, Jeff enjoys the outdoors skiing, backpacking, camping , spending time with his wife and four children, and being a lifelong fan of the Denver Broncos. Keep current with the latest product releases, technical resources and company updates from CUI Devices. Toggle navigation. Cable Assemblies. Rotary Encoders. Stepper Servo Motors.

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